Amaker, Jaydina D. Solitary Confinement and Factors that Contribute to the Decline in Mental Health. Diss. The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2020.
The article is a study seeking to establish a connection between solitary confinement and mental health.
According to the study, many factors may contribute to decreasing one’s mental health while in solitary confinement. Hence, there exist many people with mental health problems held in solitary confinement centers. The study covers up research that people in solitary confinement may face different forms of challenges ranging from psychological, health to even social problems. Some of the challenges that people in confinement may experience include; psychosis, paranoia, anxiety, depression, and perceptual distortions.
The article further explains how despite many human rights activists protesting that solitary confinement is a form of dehumanization to the accused, the justice systems have continued affecting it as a form of punishment on offenders who deserve it, by the law. The author uses data from the NationalArchive of Criminal Justice Data and uses analysis of the variance and linear multiple regression to test for the hypothesis of the sample of 270 convicts chosen from Colorado State Penitentiary and the San Carlos Correctional Facility.
The article reveals that a prison environment impacts the offender’s mental health, contributing to their psychopathology. Therefore, the article justifies a link between an individual’s mental health and solitary confinement with influence posing out reasons why an individual’s mental health while at solitary confinement may start to decline.
Ghatak, Sanchita, and Surabhi Singh. “Examining Maslow’s Hierarchy Need Theory in the Social Media Adoption.” FIIB Business Review 8.4 (2019): 297.
The article focuses on how social media affects customers’ social behavior, whereby the authors used customer’s psychology in studying social media adoption. The author focuses on Maslow’s theory, linking it with social media adoption using a quantitative and descriptive study. The article uses a hypothetical study and endorsement of the path model fit to link the variables used. The researchers assessed the structural model fitness using the covariance matrix and correlation between the model’s constructs.
The formed structural model fitted the desired data and the author’s account taking a path analysis of observed exogenous variables, age, gender, and profession. Besides, the unobserved endogenous variables were LB, ES, and AC. The study, therefore, showed the need for a theory with social media usage to the linkages of factors to Maslow’s hierarchy. The Maslow theory elements, the ES, AC, and LB were shown to motivate a person’s willingness to be on social media. The model depicted by the article is useful in the evaluation of consumer behavior regarding their needs to increase their intensity in using social media.
Haney, Craig, et al. “Examining jail isolation: What we don’t know can be profoundly harmful.” The Prison Journal 96.1 (2016): 130.
The article reviews a challenge of lack of data availability on jail isolation, actualizing that what is unknown to us can be harmful. The authors have discussed the effect of jail isolation of inmates and the basis of comparison of punitive isolation in jails and prisons. The article uses Rikers Island, a jail complex, as an instructive case study and a cautionary tale and describes the recently available information on the use of isolation at the jail. The article shows how jail isolation is used abusively and excessively with many Americans incarcerated in the local jails. However, out of the jailed ones, a particular number is placed in confinement isolation while serving their conviction.
The article portrays isolation confinement as a potential cause of harm and damage to the inmates. The authors call for the end of solitary confinement by showing its effect on mental health and violating the convict’s human rights. The authors believe the article will bring change, especially at Rickers Island, hence preventing the dehumanizing act’s recurrence in the future.
Haney, Craig. “The psychological effects of solitary confinement: A systematic critique.” Crime and Justice 47.1 (2018): 370.
The article reveals the impact solitary confinement has on the psychology of those involved. Hence, the article reveals similarities in the change and effect of those placed in solitary confinement and reveals what happens to prisoners in the isolation units. The article claims that isolation effects, focusing on the argument that, with notable effects of solitary confinement, there is a need for permanent withdrawal for particular prisoners and urging for considerate reduction for others already undergoing it.
Through the approach of material from different researchers, the author evaluates the need to understand the effects of the inhumane act, giving it a challenge for everyone to advocate for change to reform the future jail life. The prisons within prisons are a risk to the convict life as a solitary conviction is characterized by harsh and abusive conditions, making prisoners self-protective in response. However, much prison authorities hold in the prevention of access to prison isolated convicts. There exist a wide range of information of these environments’ life and experiences by those who went through them. The article records a significant rise in mental diseases as a result of solitary confinement. However, the justice authorities have continued to hold prison isolation as a recommended form of punishment to the offenders. Sadly, solitary confinement has contributed to insanity, suicide, and complete alienation of prisoners from social life. Hence, the article shows the danger solitary confinement is posing on prisoners’ lives, being more harmful rather than corrective as it had been thought.
Lamusse, Ti. Solitary Confinement in New Zealand Prisons. Economic and Social Research Aotearoa, 2018
The article reveals the widespread use of solitary confinement in New Zealand prisons, characterized by isolation, segregation, and separation. The article examines the environmental conditions of the solitary confinement prisons in New Zealand and the number of individuals exposed to the measure. The author also outlines the severe harms associated with prison isolation and failure of the prison order’s intended purposes, safety in prisons, and prevention of prison suicidal cases.
The article argues that on realizing the effects of solitary from those who have experienced it, the international human rights have declared solitary confinement as inherently dehumanizing, cruel, inhuman, and a form of treatment degradation and direct torture to prisoners. Hence, there is a need for a complete ban and abolition of solitary confinement in all prisons in New Zealand to safeguard people’s rights
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Therefore, the article demonstrates the necessity for the abolition of solitary confinement as it is a direct source of severe pain and suffering. The pain, which is physiological, social, and psychological, may persist even after release. The act is inherently inhumane as it restricts people from their need for social interaction—the article basing its argument on the extreme effects on the convict’s life. There is a need for the complete abolishment of solitary confinement and replacement of the act with appropriate alternatives.