Learning Outcomes
Student’s Name
Intuitional Affiliation
Identify the compelling social issues that have changed urban planning from a study of architectural and engineering outputs to a study of human needs and the planning response.
The world is presently experiencing a serious problem. Human activities have an effect on the primary services of the ecosystem such as climate and biodiversity in a negative perspective with consequences that are long-term and unknown (Hall, 2014). Resources are therefore required in large amounts so that a good life is created for an increasing population in developing states. It is significant to show the in-built conflicts in the coming future with respect to sustainable development on an international level.
Vital international trends have recently been acknowledged states, a constantly growing population, movement of people to urban residents, and an increasing population of middle-class individuals have raised the demand for living comfortably (Hall, 2014). Such a trend is specifically present among Asian countries such as India, and china and probably Africa in the near future. Severe deprivation has still persisted in the international energy sector, where a population of 1.2 billion have no electric power and 2.7 billion depending on the use of traditional solid biomass for activities like cooking.
Analyze the effects the 1964 Civil Rights Act had on urban planning
The Fair Housing Act of 1968 was meant to act against discrimination about house financing, sale, and rental in accordance with sex, place of national origin and religion. It was specifically designed later to sever as a follow up to the Civil Rights Act made in 1964. This bill was put to an argumentative senate debate (Hall, 2014). It was however passed by the House of Representatives quickly during the periods after Martin Luther King Jr a civil rights leader was assassinated. The greatest legislative accomplishment of the era of civil rights is the Fair Housing Act.
Aside from the Fair Housing Act’s historical nature, and its physique as the last main legislation act of the movement of civil rights, in practice housing still persisted as segregated in numerous regions of America over the following (Levy, 2016). From the year 1950 to 1980, America’s total population consisting of blacks living in America’s urban areas raised from 6.1 million to 15.3 million. Over the same duration, the white population migrated out of the cities steadily. It went into the suburbs, taking with them the plenty of job opportunities blacks required into the communities they were not wanted. This trend contributed to the development and growth of Urban American interior city communities or ghettoes having high rates of unemployment, crime and other immoralities.
In the year 1988, the Fair Housing Amendments Act was passed by congress. It expounded on the law to restrict housing bias with respect to disability or the status of the family, such as pregnant women (Levy, 2016). These kinds of amendments led to the Fair Housing Act enforcement as this is ensured by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. It is responsible for sending complaints concerning the discrimination on housing to be properly investigated through its Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity.
Describe the suburbanization process that began after WWII and the reasons for the rapid development of the suburbs.
Suburbanization is used to give a description to the development of urban regions on the major city fringes. Suburbanization pull factors included the belief of being near nature, more spaces, and lower prices in the suburban housing and taxes on property in cities’ comparison. Following the occurrence of World War II, an initiative was launched by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to design federal roads to give room for the expansion regions outside urban centres. As a result, the interstate road project launched in the 1950s was created with the intention of suburbanization in mind.
References
Hall, P. (2014). Cities of tomorrow: An intellectual history of urban planning and design since 1880. John Wiley & Sons.
Levy, J. M. (2016). Contemporary urban planning. Taylor & Francis.