Hyperlipidemia
The Prevalence of Hyperlipidemia among the Hispanics & an Adherence to Diet & Exercise to Reduce the Issue
PICOT Formulated Clinical Question
PICOT Question: “Adherence to Diet and Exercise to Reduce Hyperlipidemia in Adults.”
Population/Problem- Adults with Hyperlipidemia Disease
Intervention- Adherence to Diet & Exercise
Comparison- Compared with no Intervention
Outcome- Improved Patient Satisfaction, Improved Quality of Life, & control of blood lipids’ harmful components.
Time frame- 3months
Formulated Clinical Question: Is hyperlipidemia prevalent among ethnic groups, and how adherence to diet & exercise can mitigate its occurrence.
Literature Review & Critical Appraisal
The research will utilize selected peer-reviewed articles from recommended databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science direct to ensure that the information gained is trustworthy, valuable, and reliable.
Introduction
Hyperlipidemia means that the blood entails too much LDL (Low-Density Lipoproteins) cholesterol. The condition increases fatty deposits in arteries, causing a likelihood of blockages. Also, cholesterol numbers can be out of balance whereby, the levels of HDL (High-Density Lipoproteins) are too low, which decreases the chance to remove cholesterol from the arteries. In turn, increasing the chance of artery blockage. Various factors such as smoking, eating unhealthy diets, age, and lack of exercise combined with high LDL cholesterol or low HDL cholesterol levels affect one’s cardiovascular health limiting their quality of life. Other diseases such as obesity are associated with hyperlipidemia, and together they form the cause of heart problems such as stroke. Although research states that there is a decreasing trend in overall CVD mortality rates, other studies have found that the issue of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is highly prevalent among ethnic populations such as African-Americans. The study also notes that there is an underreporting among Hispanics despite the high mortality rates due to CVD. Therefore, a need for more research regarding the prevalence of hyperlipidemia and a need to incorporate intervention programs that will ensure that the issue is mitigated at a substantial level among this population is necessary.
Overview of the problem
As seen, hyperlipidemia is a critical modifiable risk factor for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Noubiap et al. (2015) have found that CVD is the leading cause of death, affecting populations globally. Although hyperlipidemia is known to affect populations in the urban and rural settings, Morris & Ferdinand (2009) reveal that hyperlipidemia is extremely common among racial and ethnic groups such as African-Americans non-Hispanic whites. Also, the mortality rate among Hispanics is 20 percent lower compared to non-Hispanics. Nevertheless, death rates among the Hispanic group due to CVD may be underestimated due to underreporting as most Hispanics with critical illnesses are reported to return to their native lands to die. Most studies report Hispanics to have a prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes and obesity as the significant contributors to CVD mortality but fail to mention the prevalence of hyperlipidemia disease (Rodriguez et al., 2014). Such diseases are risk factors of hyperlipidemia as they involve high LDL cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol in the blood. More research is needed on hyperlipidemia prevalence among this vulnerable population to ensure that more protocols are put in place regarding intervention programs such as an adherence to diet and exercise to reduce the issue related to CVD.
Purpose Statement, Background & Significance
Hyperlipidemia has been found to be a common health issue among global populations. This paper focuses on the prevalence of hyperlipidemia among the Hispanic ethnic group, given that there is a significant underreporting highlighting the disease prevalence among the group. At the same time, there are known to be high mortality rates due to CVD resulting from diseases such as obesity and diabetes. The objective is to ensure protocols are put in place concerning intervention programs that aim to reduce the disease’s prevalence and optimize patients’ health outcomes. Adherence to diet and exercise is an effective strategy to help mitigate high cholesterol levels in the blood (Enkhmaa et al., 2018). Additionally, changes in diet and the incorporation of an exercise regime will help with obesity and hyperlipidemia occurrence improving health outcomes and quality of life for these patients.
References
Enkhmaa, B., Surampudi, P., Anuurad, E., & Berglund, L. (2018). Lifestyle Changes: Effect of Diet, Exercise, Functional Food, and Obesity Treatment on Lipids and Lipoproteins. In Endotext [Internet]. MDText. com, Inc..
Morris, A., & Ferdinand, K. (2009). Hyperlipidemia in racial/ethnic minorities: differences in lipid profiles and the impact of statin therapy. Clinical Lipidology, 4(6), 741-754.
Noubiap, J. J. N., Nansseu, J. R. N., Bigna, J. J. R., Jingi, A. M., & Kengne, A. P. (2015). Prevalence and incidence of dyslipidaemia among adults in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. BMJ open, 5(3).
Rodriguez, C. J., Daviglus, M. L., Swett, K., González, H. M., Gallo, L. C., Wassertheil-Smoller, S., … & Kaplan, R. C. (2014). Dyslipidemia patterns among Hispanics/Latinos of diverse background in the United States. The American journal of medicine, 127(12), 1186-1194.