ANALYSIS
Concerning the issue addressed in the cast study, the most crucial principle to be taken into consideration is beneficence, such that James parent should at least while maintaining their faith in God, listen to advice and recommendations from the physician on the magnitude and seriousness of their son’s health to be taken with especially on matters dialysis. The risk was high, and it was soon to get out of control. Instead, James’ parents decided to focus on the principle of autonomy, disregarding doctors’ advice on the dangers ahead based on Jame’s health; sadly, they put all their hope on faith healing miracle and delayed the most important dialysis process, which was critically needed at that moment. It is clear that Mike and Joanne love their children like other parents, and their intention is not to harm them. However, by denied James that critical medical attention, they put both boys at risk of not having a quality life as expected. This was an injustice for the young boys as the health of James is already compromised; on the other hand, if Samuel donates one kidney, most likely he too will have health complications in the future due to single kidney, and in the worst-case scenario, he may also end up in dialysis machine. Mike and Joanne’s decision was meant to be based on the beneficence principle, instead of ending up being autonomous, resulting in maleficence.