Effect of Education on Child Delinquency
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Effect of Education on Child Delinquency
Juvenile delinquency for long has been known as a long-term phenomenon in the United States of America. In 2010, approximately 1,641, 897 arrests were made of person under 18 years of age. Juvenile delinquency is the act of committing a criminal offence at a tender age. A juvenile delinquent is a teen under the age of 18, who breaks a federal or state law by committing a criminal offence. Teens compared to adults are still immature; therefore, they are susceptible to committing crimes or making mistakes that are not entirely in their control. Juvenile delinquency has been as a result of various factors including, broken families, lack of communication, Finances as well as moral and social training. Besides, some studies have indicated a reduction in delinquent cases when a child drops out of school while others have indicated increasing delinquency rates the following drop out of school. Additionally, various studies have shown that child, and family characteristics predict the problem in schools and increased likelihood of delinquent behaviours. Therefore, this paper reviews the literature on the effect of school in child delinquency.
Education as a Preventive Measure of Juvenile Delinquency
According to Blomberg & Pesta (2017) on education and delinquency, strong school attachment and successful school performance are protective factors in the prevention of delinquency. Importantly, achievement in education for imprisoned delinquent teens has been identified as a turning point in decreasing post-release recidivism. However, the researcher states that despite the American Juvenile system adopting the education system in educating and treating delinquents, the juvenile justice educations has lagged far behind in public schools in accountability and quality. Florida State provides a descriptive scenario of education negligence of delinquent children that resulted in federal court consent verdict and class-action lawsuit (Blomberg & Pesta, 2017). The ruling led in the establishment of the accountable and high-quality juvenile education system in the state of Florida that allowed various imprisoned teens to achieve academically by returning to school and desisting from subsequent delinquency.
Besides, in the Russian federation, children who commit socially dangerous criminal offences are sent by the court to temporary centres for detention, including educational colonies and special education institutions (Lekareva et al., 2018). The special education institutions of closed and open types are essential institutions of the Russian System for neglect and juvenile delinquency in teens with deviant behaviours and who have committed crimes. They provide full rehabilitation and re-socialization of prisoners and help them get secondary and general vocational education. It places educational influence to develop law-abiding character with values and social positive attitudes. According to a study on exploring juvenile delinquency and its links to literacy by Davis (2020), it clear that it is not one reason that children struggling academically, find having problems with the criminal justice system. The research identified reading, school experience, attitudes and access as the factors that result in teens committing criminal offences. Besides, the research found out many children who got involved with the criminal justice system struggled in schools, had difficulties in reading, and others suffered from learning disabilities. The researcher identified the current education policies of letting down the most vulnerable people in nations. The research recommended more work to be done by nations in areas involved in juvenile justice, education, family literacy and prison reforms.
According to a study by Chalfin and Deza (2019) on the intergenerational effects of education on juvenile delinquency, children with parents with higher education are less likely to engage themselves in criminal activities. It found out that an additional in a child life combined with parental education reduce shoplifting by 3.5%, damage of property by 4.3% and assault by 3.3 %. Also, the research found out that children whose parents have educational parents have few siblings, have high expectation in obtaining more education, watch for few hours, and more self-control than teens whose parent have lower education levels. The study concluded that parental education plays an essential role in shaping children characters and behaviours; they instil the knowledge hey attained to their children. Besides, Kim (2020) examined whether educational results of non-violent and violent offenders differed. The study attempts to eliminate environmental influences, for instance, neighbourhood and background effects from delinquency effects because the factors are probably to confound non-violent and violent delinquency effects on the attainment of education. The study found out that engagement effects of education on delinquency is driven by common family background; however, for non-violent delinquency was found to be associated with the adjustment of fixed family effects. Relying on fixed effects the researcher found out that engagement effects in non-violent delinquent behaviour on the attainment of education occur through the disruption of educational progress, rather than via institutional responses to a student social-physiological processes and delinquency.
Moral Education on Juveniles
In the stage of schooling from quality education to test-oriented education, in the education implementation process, schools should change their old teaching techniques. The education systems should adhere to the implementation of moral education priority and respect and understand the law of developments of teens, and the law of mental and physical development (Xing, 2019). It will entail the provision of moral education to children through every teaching aspect. Also, schools should introduce moral education to classes and adopt the combination of practice and theory as well as using a variety of models to develop the moral and ideological levels of children continuously (Du, 2019). In the process of education implementation, schools should help children form the right moral concept and assist them in being psychologically healthy. Implementation of effective education can assist juveniles in forming a unified understanding of moral behaviours and concepts. Also, it assists them in gradually developing the right habits and refrains themselves from bad behaviours are reduce incidences of teen’s delinquency.
Besides, in reducing and preventing teen delinquency, schools should adhere to the education rule of law while undertaking moral education for them to work together. First, it requires schools to put education on moral education in schools and establish reasonable and scientific legal education measures (LIU & SU, 2017). In specified teaching activities, psychological conflicts and unhealthy ethos related to teens can be assimilated with the legal knowledge and on a legal class basis, can be opened in providing students with legal education. Also, there is a need to establish a variety of ways in spreading the legal education system to the minors. In the process, learning institutions came full utilization of some activities, for instance, a legal story every week’ to encourage teens to participate in legal activities actively and slowly improve their awareness on the prevention of criminal activities. In the process of implementation of legal education, learning institutions must protect the rights of teens and effectively protect the legitimate interests and rights of teens.
Additionally, in reducing and preventing teen delinquency, schools should integrate minors’ characteristics fully and add a relevant course in mental health learning and hence providing minors with mental health education thus elevating leaning pressures on the minors (Mulyani et al., 2017). To accomplish this, it requires learning institutions to build firm psychological counselling teams and implement effectively minor’s mental health education. Professional and necessary professional counselling need to be conducted for problematic students; these are bad habits, including failure to complete their homework, absenteeism and late to class. For instance, bad behaviours such as disrespecting the elderly, teachers and classmates; criminal activities such as rape, robbery, explosion, killing and arson begins from such bad behaviours. Problematic students are the students having bad behaviours which result in them committing criminal offences. In one’s existence in earth, Education has always been the key, the key to success. In ensuring that societies are successful in tackling juvenile delinquency, they should implement education as their first initiative.
Conclusion
In conclusion, teen delinquency has resulted in being a significant challenge in society. It illustrates characteristics including types of crime, low age, group crime and adult means which have significantly impacted the order of schools and social stability. As a vital place in the education of teens, education should be a major factor in averting juvenile delinquency. In providing education, schools should provide children with psychological counselling and moral education in means of preventing and reducing minors from engaging themselves in criminal activities and ensuring there is a stable society. Though education has been somehow the cause of some teen delinquencies, it should not be termed as the major cause but a major solution. Judicial systems in trying to end juvenile delinquencies should implement education into the system; moral and psychological education.
References
Blomberg, T. G., & Pesta, G. B. (2017). Education and delinquency. The encyclopedia of juvenile delinquency and justice, 1-5. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118524275.ejdj0044
Chalfin, A., & Deza, M. (2019). The intergenerational effects of education on delinquency. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 159, 553-571. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167268117302123
Davis, R. S. (2020). Exploring juvenile delinquency and the link to literacy (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://csus-dspace.calstate.edu/handle/10211.3/217126
Du, Y. (2019). Developing an integrated biosocial theory to understand juvenile delinquency: from the social, cognitive, affective, and moral (scam) perspectives. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 6(2), 897-903. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dorothy_Du/publication/331989732
Kim, J. (2020). The role of violent and non-violent delinquent behaviour in educational attainment. Youth & Society, 52(3), 377-402. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0044118X18781641
Lekareva, E. E., Zaretskiy, V. V., Artamonova, E. G., Salakhova, V. B., Efimova, O. I., & Kalinina, N. V. (2018). Comprehensive rehabilitation of minors with deviant and delinquent behaviour: The experience of the Russian system of education. Eurasian Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 13, 2-9. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b18d/c4258aa2dfa5a339a295d59b80501af7213d.pdf
LIU, R., & SU, C. (2017). Exploration of Strategies and Paths for Juvenile Law-related Education. Ludong University Journal (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), (4), 13. Retrieved from http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-YSZS201704013.htm
Mulyani, S. H., Hendrik, B., Putra, M. R., Naf’an, E., Ali, N. M., & Ismail, K. (2017, November). Technological Intervention for Moral Education Among Teenagers: A Review. In International Visual Informatics Conference (pp. 647-657). Springer, Cham. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-70010-6_60
Xing, X. (2019). Study on the Prevention and Reduction of Juvenile Delinquency in Schools. Retrieved from https://webofproceedings.org/proceedings_series/ESSP/ICEMEET%202019/ICEMEET19352.pdf