Speech Pathology Functional Disorder
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Speech Pathology Functional Disorder
Chapter 6
What is the difference between “phonological awareness” and “phonemic awareness”?
Phonological awareness refers to a wide skill that involves the identification and manipulating units of verbal language categories like rimes, words, onsets, and syllables, while phonemic awareness can be defined as the specific capability to concentrate on a manipulate personal sound also called phonemes in words spoken.
What is meant by the term “dialogic reading”?
Dialogic reading is defining as the process of engaging in a dialogue with learners as they read a text (American Psychiatric Association 12). The dialogue engages the asking of questions to assist children in navigating the text at a more detailed level, including the definition of new words, assessing the characteristics of a story, and having the capability to discuss the text.
What are four reasons why children with language impairments are at risk for reading
impairments.
- Problems when it comes to rhyming words.
- Trouble memorizing word sequences, numbers, and letters due to language impairment.
- Skip words and misreads
- Sound miss-sequencing in a word.
How can you assess text comprehension?
This can be done by asking a kid to a text or a passage that has been appropriately leveled up for the kid, and later, asking detailed explicit questions concerning the content of the passage.
What are the goals of intervention for word recognition?
These goals include teaching skills of decoding, develop written word vocabularies, and improving the comprehension of reading.
Briefly describe the Em-POWER method?
Em-Power method refers to a systematic technique for providing academic writing teaching (American Psychiatric Association 12). Having EmPower give students the ability to talk themselves via six procedures of the process of writing, and use confirmed techniques of problem-solving within each step. The steps in the EmPower process include: Evaluate, Plan, Organize, Work, Evaluate, Re-work.
Chapter 8
What are the normal disfluencies? Should we worry about them?
Normal disfluency refers to stuttering that starts during the years when a child develops intensive language-training and sometime prior to the puberty stage resolves by itself (Manning & DiLollo 4). We should not worry about it as it is considered a language development phase that is normal.
What is the difference between developmental stuttering and neurogenic stuttering?
Developmental stuttering takes place in young kids as they are still in the process of learning speech and obtaining language skills. It occurs the moment children’s language capabilities cannot meet their verbal demands. On the other hand, neurogenic stuttering takes place after head trauma, stroke, or any other type of brain injury. In this type of stuttering, that brain experiences difficulty in connecting with the distinct brain areas engaged in speaking, hence the difficulty in fluent speech production.
There are three theories as to the etiology of stuttering; organic, behavioral, and psychological. Which one do you think is most likely? What is it about the others that you don’t agree with?
The most likely theory of the etiology of stuttering is the organic theory. It states that stuttering comes as a result of the lack of cerebral dominance for speech control. According to psychological theory, stuttering comes as a result of avoidance of conflict; therefore, an individual holds back from speaking. I don’t agree with this because I believe stuttering is associated with the brain (Manning & DiLollo 4). Behavioral theory is associated with beliefs, emotional problems, and styles of parenting. These aspects of behavioral theory do not cause stuttering.
Explain the “covert repair hypothesis” and “demands and capacities model” in your own words.
Convert repair hypothesis suggests that in individuals who stutter, a slow and an abnormal level of phonological encoding outcomes in the inclusion of huge numbers of phonological mistakes in the plans of speech of their expected utterances, and the attempts they make to such kind of errors.
What are the differences in efficacy for treatment across the lifespan?
Studies generally suggest that psychotherapy compared to treatment is more effective, and that additional treatment does not enhance results from psychotherapy alone.
Works Cited
American Psychiatric Association. Neurodevelopmental Disorders: DSM-5® Selections. American Psychiatric Pub, 2015.
Manning, Walter H., and Anthony DiLollo. Clinical decision making in fluency disorders. Plural Publishing, 2017.