Evaluation of Waste Management in Construction Project in the U.K.

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Abstract

In this paper, the construction industry has been identified as the key source which contributes to industrial waste. Therefore, it can be said that construction waste has become one of the major challenges that have an adverse effect on the economy of the U.K., the Environment as a whole, and also the social life of people. Illegal dumping has become a major issue in this addition to construction waste. The more sustainable approaches are being identified, those are reuse, recycle, prevention of waste at the planning stage itself, which can significantly reduce and prevent the generation of waste from the construction industry. The literature review has been conducted, and the methodologies that have been used to carry on the research have been discussed in detail. The collection and analysis of data have also been done to provide a more clear picture of the waste reduction and minimizing techniques that have been adopted by the U.K. government as well. Finally, an introduction and a suitable conclusion have also been provided with this paper.

Table of Contents

Introduction. 4

Background of study. 4

Significance of the research. 4

The rationality of the research. 4

Research aims. 5

Research objectives. 5

Research Question. 5

Literature review Part I. 6

Concept of waste management in construction project 6

Theories of waste management 7

Types of waste in the construction business. 9

The complexity of Waste Management in the Construction Project 10

Advantage of waste management in construction project 11

Literature Review Part II. 12

Construction Waste Management Strategies. 12

Methodology. 14

Data Analysis and Grouping. 15

Conclusion. 23

Recommendation. 25

Reference. 27

Introduction

Background of the study

Waste management has become an important issue nowadays in every organization. It has become even more important in the construction project. Here the wastes are mostly hard materials such as metals, drywall, plastics, and glass, as well as woods and stones, which are hard to decompose. Hence it became important to identify the process of disposal for the waste material that comes from the contactin. The research is focused on social, economic, and environmental factors, which will be helpful in analyzing the gap (Filimonau, 2017). The research will also include theory to improve the issue regarding waste management on construction projects. There are several factors which will be effective for C&D waste management.

Significance of the research

The significance of this research has reflected through the discussion that denotes the importance of waste management in the construction business. Important to understand the effectiveness of the construction and demolition (C&D) waste management for the betterment of future generations. Betterment in the waste management program in the construction project has helped to prove a better life to the people in the society. It helps to control pollution and protect natural resources. Sustainable development has enhanced the value of industries. Here some action has been taken by analyzing the economic performance of the U.K., which helps to prove some statistical answers (Sonne, 2020). It explains that economic, social, and environmental effects are interrelated. Hence it needs to be improved for the better performance of waste management in the construction project in the U.K.

The rationality of the research

The research is rational as it identifies the issue of waste management that affects the overall productivity of the construction business. A lot of waste materials are gathered due to the construction project in the U.K.; hence it is affecting the social, economic, and environmental factors of the country.

It is a major issue because it is causing pollution and giving an unclean and unhealthy environment to live in.

Currently, this construction project has been enhanced all over the country (Bozkurt, 2016). If waste management is not controlled, then there will be a lack of natural resources for the future generation, and it will destroy the surrounding.

This research sheds light on the factors that can provide a better environment and nature as well as enhance the economy of the country by recycling.

Research aims

The aim of this research is to control harmony and restore natural resources.

It aims for the betterment of the Environment and nature.

The aims for the balance in the ecosystem and enhance the economy of the county.

The research also aims for the settlement of economic equality in the country.

The aim is to identify the principal indicators which are affecting waste generation.

Research objectives

To identify the core issues of waste management, this research is highlighting the factor of waste management.
To analyze the factors that are undiscovered reading the improvement of waste management.
To evaluate the factor that can improve the problem of waste management in construction projects, this research has been conducted.
To recommend the issues for improving social, economic, and environmental facts and as well as practicing the methods of waste management in the construction business, this research has been conducted.

Research Question

What are the disputes in the waste management of construction projects?
How to identify the dispute in the waste management of construction projects?
How to improve the issues of waste management of construction projects?
What are the recommendations for the improvement of the waste management of construction projects?

Literature review Part I

Concept of waste management in construction project

Sustainable development is important for the public’s needs and a better generation. Managing the waist can be social, economic research significant l and environmentally effective for the betterment in the future. The waste is mainly gathered from the dust and gas from the construction and natural resources. Noise pollution and gathering of solid waste is another cause of environmental degradation (Ajayi, 2017). Pollution is the major result of construction activity. As this waste management has important value for the development of future generations, several construction industries are taking the major initiative to reduce the effect. Several human activities in the biological and industrial as well as household can cause a threat to human health; hence it is important to take action by using different methods of disposal management. Waste management is important as it has several advantages. It helps the society to work together as a team, and as well as it helps to think about the development of society (Jones, 2018). It is essential for the earth to conserve energy for future use. In several waste management programs, it is identified that some waste materials help to produce energy. Waste management practices help to give a clean life and a better environment and pollution-free earth.

Concept of sustainable development in the construction business

Waste management development is important for the betterment of sustainability in the construction business for a better environment. Sustainable development in the construction business contains several steps such as recycling, prevention of waste, reducing the amount of waste, and recovery of waste management (Kirkman, 2017). Construction and demolition (C&D) are important to identify in the Management of waste. It can be effective for the growth of the economy in the country. Apart from that, waste management can enhance the profit of the overall construction business as it is cost saving. Sustainable development in the construction business helps to provide fair trade, and as well as it is profitable for the workers. Waste management in the construction industry enhances the growth of society. It helps to provide a standard living and education to the citizens of a country. It also provides equal opportunity to the individuals and as well as provides great job opportunities. Sustainability is important for environmental justice, global stewardship, and conservation policy. Sustainable development in the construction industry helps to protect natural resources and control pollution (Pomberger, 2017). Apart from that, it is also effective for biodiversity (Perrot, 2018). Using green technology can be effective for the betterment as it helps to renew the fuels.

Theories of waste management

There are several theories that help to enhance a better understanding of waste management and its importance. Here in this part, and two theories are going to be discussed, such as Health care waste management theory and human behavior theories for waste management.

Health care waste management theory

According to the assessment of this theory, health care is the silent killer who is unrecognized at the beginning (Pomberger, 2017). It leaves a major impact on the Environment, human health, and human rights. The aim of this theory is to spread awareness regarding waste management and reduce the disease in the body. This theory is important for the better meant of poorly regulated and funded healthcare waste management. There are mainly ten key aspects referred to in this theory. Here purifying the polluted air that comes from the industry can be useful for effective waste management. Here it provides clear air which is good for human health and as well as it also helps to control the temperature in the Environment. The surrounding must be clean, and there must dispose of bins all around the locality, which will help to manage waste. Increasing the process of recycling can be helpful for the success of this theory. It reduces plastic pollution and helps to produce new products as well as enhance the capital of a country. In order to understand and analyze the theory, several companies lessen the waste generated from the production. With the help of new technology, several companies are bringing changes in the design of technology, which helps to reduce costs by saving energy (Asadpoori, 2018). Management and regulation are providing educated workers and safety to the Environment. Health care waste management theory is a new vision for sustainable waste management.

(Figure 1: Health care waste management theory)

(Source: www.google.com, 2020)

Human Behavior Theory

The human behavior theory of waste management mostly depends on the knowledge of an individual and their reaction regarding the negative effects on the waste. This theory includes all the adults from society and their personal responsibility towards society. This includes basic knowledge that waste materials must not be scattered here and there. The unwanted materials should be thrown into the garbage box. Using plastic products must be minimized. The attitude towards waste management must be understood. It is the responsibility of the people to make others understand the effects of the waste; this means the responsibility towers the society and Environment. Intention towers the waste management must be proper so that it can give growth in the future. This theory mainly depends on the psychological factor of humans. It is more about understanding nature and people. Here some people understand the facts by giving an observation in the surrounding. It gives self-realization regarding the negative side of waste management. On the other hand, there are some stubborn people who do not care about what is happening around them. In order to improve the situation and change their mind, the theory takes the help of social media that it can control waste management. Changing the lifestyle of the people can help to manage the entire theory. People must understand the difference between different kinds of waste. The waste management act of a country helps to control the situation. Here people will be more aware of their surroundings. Human Behavior theory is more about understanding, learning, and implementing the ideas of the social, economic facts regarding waste management. Here a human child must learn the techniques from the beginning that will help in the practice of managing waste, such as throwing the wasting in the dustbins.

Figure 2: Human Behavior Theory of waste management

(Source: https://www.google.com, 2020)

Types of waste in the construction business

In a construction site, it is very common to find a lot of waste. In 2016 alone, In the U.K., 60% of waste was generated from the construction and demolition sites. The construction company has to identify the waste that has been produced in its activity. The identification of the waste will help the company to follow the waste management system to reduce the waste from its construction or demolition sites. There is some common waste that can be found in the area in the area of construction, which can lead to environmental degradation.

Building materials

Constructions, demolitions, and restoration projects lead to the production of huge amounts of waste. These waste materials are the materials of the building. Some building materials such as nails, wires, wood, metals, plastics, blocks of cement as well as bricks. These waste materials are damaged and can not be used again. It can be recycled to make other useful products. For example, a waste of wood can again be used in other construction projects. Waste of plaster, blocks of cement, and bricks can again be reused in the construction projects. These materials can be highly useful if recycled properly.

Displaced Materials

Displaced materials are those waste materials that are displaced during the construction or demolition sites. The displaced materials can be trees, stones, rocks, rubble, and so on. These waste materials are very common in construction sites, and important to manage these waste to avoid environmental degradation. The company responsible for the waste should manage this waste and remove them for recycling. Recycle materials can be reused. It will improve the sustainability of the project and the Environment.

Harmful Materials

Construction and Demolition sites produce some hazardous waste that is harmful not only for human beings but to the Environment as a whole. Some hazardous waste that is found in those sites is mercury, aerosol cans, bulbs, and so on. This waste is very harmful and needs to be disposed of as quickly as possible. Disposing of this harmful waste will help the company to improve sustainable development.

The complexity of Waste Management in the Construction Project

Waste can be defined as the object which has no purpose, and waste management is managing those wastes and disposing of them. Construction and demolition sites produce various types of waste. These wastes are harmful to the Environment and lead to environmental degradation. These wastes can range from plastics, chemical batteries, cement, bricks, and so on. Waste management is a collection of various processes such as collection, transportations, dumping, and recycling. There are various complexities that waste management faces in any construction project. Those complexities are –

Too much waste production – The recent publication of government reports of the U.K. reveals that about 120 million tonnes of waste are being produced from construction and demolition per year. If the whole world is considered, then waste production will be extremely high. Too much waste production is impacting the Environment. For a construction company, to save money and increase the profit share, they sometimes become reluctant to clean the waste. Too much waste production costs the construction companies for collection, transportation, and dumping.
Toxic waste – The responsibility of the construction or demolition company to manage the toxic waste. Toxic waste can harm human beings and the Environment. Some of the wastes such as asbestos, lead paint, chemical batteries, light bulbs, mercury, and so on. These types of waste need to manage carefully and can not be neglected. Construction is a business of time and money.

Advantage of waste management in construction project

Waste management in the constriction business can bring innovation in future planning in constriction planning. It can recommend such ideas that can work in fast constriction. A waste management program can increase employment in the country, which will be the ultimate benefit of the economic growth in the country. It minimizes the poor practice of work, which helps to bring updates in the lifestyle. Waste management helps to provide a better and cline environment that can be healthy to live in. Apart from that, it also helps to lessen the pollution in the country and minimize the temperate level. It helps to lessen the factor of globalization as well as helps to maintain the factors of season change. Enough space shorting the waste can maximize C&D waste recycling. Waste management in the construction business helps to find such places that are unused and provide ideas regarding the usefulness of an unused place. It enhances the process of recycling and as well as reduces the cost of transportation in order to dump the rubbish that comes from the constriction project. Several constructors threw the waste material in the water; hence it causes water pollution. Here waste management in the constriction business can reduce water pollution, which will be beneficial for the future generation. Due to the presence of dust in the waste material in the construction project, there is major air pollution that can be identified. It caused serious problems to human health regarding breathing and inhalation. Hence waste management helps to improve air pollution. Waste management helps to inform people regarding the practice of waste management programs in the construction business. Apart from that, it also provides safety to the worker in the construction business, which helps to give a guarantee regarding the health of the workers. The clean Environment provides satisfaction to the people in the society to live in. a clean and safe environment stops the citizens to relocate to other places. Managing waste can be helpful for controlling the noise pollution that comes from the construction business. It saves the cost of waste collection, shorting, and spreading. It improves the physical working condition of the workers by providing new techniques, machines, and technology. It stops the illegal practice of waste dumping waste in the Environment. The young citizens get good education and observation regarding a healthy and safe environment.

Literature Review Part II

It is noteworthy to mention that all the construction industries contribute a major portion of waste, and as a result of which the Environment is getting polluted day by day, and the CO2 emissions are also increasing, which can ultimately lead to environmental degradation. (Rose and Stegemann, 2018). This part of the research focus is laid on the review of literature on waste management and how it can be controlled.

Construction Waste Management Strategies

There are several strategies that are being implemented for the purpose of diverting waste from the landfill. The various waste management strategies that are being employed are:

Sorting and recycling – recycling of waste has been implemented by different industries, among which the construction industry is prominent. This strategy is mainly used to prevent waste landfilling. (Ulutaş Duman, Giritli, and McDermott, 2016). After the waste has already been generated, the recycling basically sorts them into recyclable and non-recyclable ones. There is also another option, which is site-sorting, and this particular method has been widely adopted throughout the U.K. This particular process of recycling is comparatively easy, and the inert and the non-inert materials can be easily separated. This particular strategy is not meant to reduce waste but to divert it away from the landfill sites. Therefore, it can be said that it saves the Environment from getting degraded.
Reuse of materials – it can also be considered as an essential approach to divert waste from the landfill areas. It is different from recycling as it involves materials without changing its chemical properties. In the construction industry, material reuse has been widely adopted to divert its waste as well as the domestic waste away from the site of the landfill. Coal fly ash is a valuable material that is being generated from the industry and can be reused.
Waste prediction tools – to manage the waste in the construction project sites, various ways of measuring waste have emerged. The use of a variety of tools to anticipate the waste that is being generated from the construction industries. Among the tools, NetWare is a very important tool used in the U.K. for predicting the amount of waste generating from the industries. It also helps the designer to guess the cost and the waste that is being generated at the construction sites. It also helps to implement the strategy that is most suitable for eliminating the waste. DOWT-CE is another tool that is being developed to predict the amount of waste. Other tools are used outside the U.K. A model from Singapore B.W.A.S. has also been developed.
Site Waste Management Plan(S.W.M.P.) – in the U.K., all the projects that are above 300,000 pounds require to produce the S.W.M.P. before the construction work begins. Even today, industry professionals are expected to produce the S.W.M.P. for waste management procedures. It basically involves the pre-construction strategies required for reducing waste. (Kirkman, and Voulvoulis, 2017)
Flexibility and deconstruction – the one main thing that needs to be done is designing the building for the purpose of flexibility and also for deconstruction. A design can be said to be flexible if it can adapt itself to all the internal and external changes. It takes place when one project’s removed materials perfectly fit another. The elements are being coordinated and also standardized during the design process. Thus, it is clear that recycling and reuse of materials are done after the waste has been produced. Here design offers some preventive measures to stop waste from generating. It is also evident that the demolition process contributes to large amounts of waste.
Efficient procurement of waste – this stage is very important for planning the Management of waste in the construction sites. Packaging of the materials, improper storage is all related to this procurement stage. Thus, different strategies have been implemented to manage waste efficient procurement at the construction sites in the U.K.
Construction taking place on the offsite – there are some modern methods of construction that can effectively manage the waste that is being generated. This involves pre-fabrication and also the construction taking place on the offsite. Research shows that these methods are highly effective in reducing waste.
Various legislative and tax measures – there are various measures that have been imposed by the government for effectively diverting the waste from the landfill areas. One such measure is the ‘pay when you throw’ measure. It is basically aimed to discourage waste landfills. Before these measures, many other measures have also been adopted, but they are without success. The evidence from other countries shows that this measure has been effective in diverting waste.

It can be said that apart from these landfill measures, which is effective in reducing waste, other tools have raised awareness regarding waste management.

Methodology

It is notable to mention that in spite of several waste management strategies within the construction industry, it still faces many problems, and that hints at the inefficiencies of the strategies. In order to handle this focus-group discussion was widely used as a measure to collect data, and both epistemological and methodological reason was there that was evident. It is also important to mention that a situation cannot be understood clearly unless the presupposition is withheld by the researcher himself/herself. It is also related to individual perception and all the events that are under the investigation process. Therefore, the phenomenological approach gives an opportunity to understand the efficiency of the strategy from the point of view of the practitioner, and there are no presuppositions involved here.

However, from the point of view of methodology, focus group discussions enable critical examinations of different opinions among the participants. This approach is very appropriate as it gives an in-depth analysis of the phenomena by collecting data from various professionals of the construction industry. There are four primary groups carrying on with the discussion, mainly the sustainable team, the construction practitioners, design managers, and the waste managers of the site. The sustainable team is irresponsible for advising, guiding, and ensuring the overall sustainability of the project. The practitioners are those employing thinking in the construction activities; waste managers are those responsible for planning and managing waste of the construction companies.

All the participants are largely from the construction firms of small to large scale organizations. They are very much involved in the project and management decisions of the organization. All of them have many years of experience in the industry. It is vital to mention that four teams were selected on the basis of critical sampling because all of them were responsible for managing waste effectively in day to day lives. It even allows for the logical generalization of the study and also the application of it to other cases. Participants were selected on the basis of convenient sampling. The sampling process enables to select of people who are considered as information-rich for the purpose of the study.

The participants were well informed about the need to understand the factors that limit the effectiveness of the present waste management strategies and also the strategies required for improving the Management of the waste. The discussion was conducted in two parts, each of them ranging for 40 minutes. The first part indicated the obstruction to Waste Management, and the second part elaborates on the strategies for improving the waste management process. The discussions were being recorded and read several times using the thematic analysis. In order to explore the complex phenomenon, there may be themes that are hidden, and for that purpose, qualitative data analysis is being used.

Data Analysis and Grouping

This section elaborates on how the participants consider and reflect on the present management strategies of waste and their weakness and also the need to improve the management strategies for waste control. To improve the grouping as well as the discussion, the Delphi technique was being used. This is a widely accepted method to enquire where many ideas converge that come from people with a considerable amount of expertise. It also involves controlled feedback and also gives the opportunity to re-assess the early judgment made. Some established strategies were being sent to the participants to lay focus on group discussion. The limitations of waste management strategies can be categorized into the following categories:

The end of the pipe treatment
Externality and incompatibility of the tools related to waste Management along with the design tools.
The failure of the strategies and the possible holistic solutions.
The unexpected expensiveness of the Management of waste.
The culture of the behavior of waste within the construction industry.

As discussed above, there are many impediments that limit waste management strategies. Lets us look into these in detail:

End of Pipe Treatment

The current approach to waste management is to reduce, reuse, recycle, and dispose of in order to maintain the balance of the Environment. It is noteworthy to mention that these strategies lack the efficiency to prevent the occurrence of waste. The majority of strategies fall into the group of end of pipe treatment, which are basically not waste preventive measures but are ways to manage the waste after it has already been generated. Similarly, reuse and recycling are also ways to manage waste rather than to prevent it. Therefore, the successful operation requires some effective sorting arrangement, which involves labor, cost, time, and space. In addition to that, there is low acceptability of the products that are being recycled. Therefore pipe treatment contributes to waste diversion from the landfill.

Externality and Incompatibility of the Management Tools

This is considered to be an innovative approach to tackle construction waste. Different tools are being used mainly at the design stage to project the quantity and also the cause of the waste so that the practitioners act to reduce the waste with the help of alternative design, reuse and recycle among the other techniques. It can be said that the effectiveness of the tool largely depends on the accuracy of the data that is being put. The limitations are externality and lack of compatibility. More effort is to be given to improve the strategy.

The Failure of the Strategies and the Possible Holistic Solutions

A major problem lies in the failure of waste management strategies and how to tackle waste at a holistic level. Rather than develop a one-stop approach, these strategies address the various stages of waste delivery. It is also a fact to be mentioned that most of the strategies are not suitable for the type of projects, materials, or sites. The recycling strategy is sometimes irrelevant in connection to certain materials; site-based sorting is also not suitable for the sites that are confined. Also, the various waste management legislation has limited provision for the significant reduction of waste. Therefore, it can be said that the present strategies are not suitable, and all of them lack a holistic solution to effectively divert waste from the landfill of the construction sites.

The Unexpected Expensiveness of the Management of Waste

It can be said that the major barrier in the path of effective waste management strategies is the high level of cost and the time impacts of the project. It significantly increases the cost as it requires extra labor, and there are others that can interfere and hinder the progress of the project.

All of the above statements suggest that waste management is more costly than waste landfilling. Therefore careful planning and more additional time are required on the part of the designer.

Essentials to Improve the Rate of Waste Diversion

As stated by Ajayi et al. (2016), reducing the waste in the landfill areas still remains a challenge that the construction industry faces even today. Research shows that more than one-third of the waste that is being generated is from the construction industry. By employing effective strategies that are effective in improving waste management, environmental problems that contribute to waste generation have to be stopped. Moreover, financial savings could also be made from the management strategies that are effective.

Implementation of the Design Stage

The design stage is a very important waste preventive measure in the construction industry. It is nothing new to say that change is much cheaper than the design. It could lead to wastage of material and time. Research also shows that more than 33% of the waste generates because of the factors related to design—various attempts to tackle waste management results in a reduction of waste. The U.K. government also funded the organization WRAP that involves design for the purpose of recovery and also for reuse. Also, for the design at the offsite construction site. It also enables deconstruction and flexibility for efficient waste management procurement. The management strategy is to be effectively implemented and also gives the designer a chance to optimize their designs. The various platforms at waste management prediction include benchmarking, and also optimization of design helps in reducing waste adequately. This approach is more future-oriented rather than the practices that are adopted presently.

Whole Life Consideration

The project delivery process that ranges from design to completion of the project has been linked to the stages of waste delivery. However, the actual waste is generated during the activities related to the construction process; there are various pre-construction stages such as the errors related to ensign, lack of effective coordination also significantly contributes to the waste. There are different strategies that are being adopted for building delivery processes. The waste management tools like WRAP and NetWare are used as measures to prevent the waste at the design stage itself. The present waste management tools in the U.K. consider only the onsite waste, hinting at the inefficiency of the current solution to tackle the causes of the waste. From the above discussion, it is clear that there is a pressing need to adopt such measures that enables mitigating the factors at the ensign and procurement stages.

Building Information Modelling

The BIM is becoming a common name in the construction industry. It is not because of the collaborative advantages but also the construction industry’s shift to the process of adoption being influenced by the lead of the governments. It is considered as an approach that is technologically very advanced. It also enables the digital sharing of information and Management throughout the lifecycle. The aspects of the project have led to its popularity more than the software technology that is used. However, the main challenge of the existing waste management tools is the lack of compatibility with the design tools. The future tools of waste management are expected to be compatible with the design tools. By this process, the waste output can be simulated easily to ensure effective waste prevention and Management.

The Various Legislative Processes

One of the vital factors that contribute to the construction industry is the regional as well as the national legislation drives. In the U.K., all the construction industries are in compliance with the sustainable development that has become are requisite for all residential building construction. This has continued the process of sustainable development of buildings. The participants within the group suggest a variety of measures that have led to assisting the waste management practices.

Research and Consequent Enlightenment

Lack of knowledge about efficient waste management techniques, as well as a lack of understanding of the benefits related to the cost of the various waste preventive measures was highlighted by many during the group discussion. It is also a fact that by the process of enlightening design, a significant amount of waste can be diverted from the landfill areas.

Achieving Sustainability in the U.K. Construction Industry

The construction industry in the U.K. contributes highly to construction waste as compared to the other sectors. It can be said that sustainable development is the way of creating an environment that is healthy to maintain ecological balance. (Alwan, Jones, P.Holgate, 2017). It is noteworthy to mention that sustainable construction includes sis basic principles. Those are conserved, reuse, renew, protect nature, generate non-toxic waste, and of high quality. The major goal is to reduce the harmful impact on the environment by using sustainable practices and also to take the various advantages of green technology.

The Different Types of Sustainable Construction:

The Materials Used

The techniques of construction and the resources used have gradually evolved over the years in the U.K. construction industries. With the evolution of sustainability and energy conservation, new methods of conservation have been invented. One of the efficient ways to practice sustainability is using materials that are stronger, lighter, and therefore more sustainable. They protect the environment by significantly reducing the carbon footprint to promote a cleaner and safer earth.

The Methods

It’s not just about using eco-friendly materials but also using methods that upgrade sustainable efforts. Some of the methods adopted by the U.K. construction industries are:

Cutting down materials to significantly reduce the amount of waste.
Controlling the Management of waste by efficient recycling and separating waste.
Construction of green buildings to ensure a safe and healthy environment.
Also, to manage the construction sites to improve the Environment.
To conserve energy.
Selecting suitable sustainable materials.

Advantages of Sustainable Construction

It is noteworthy to mention that sustainable construction is not only good for the Environment but also for many other reasons it has been adopted.

Promotes a Healthier Life

Construction projects in the U.K. that involve developing green buildings also have many psychological advantages. People are satisfied with the surrounding Environment that is ultimately leading to a healthier way of life. (Babalola,Ibem,and Ezema,2019.)

Reduces the Amount of Waste

The use of sustainable methods for construction purposes significantly reduces the amount of waste by recycling and renewing materials.

Contributes to the Economy

A change in the climate can destroy the world. Efforts to combat the changes have been implemented, which ultimately resulted in the increased demand for construction jobs all over the U.K. Thus, it is effective in contributing to the British economy.

Promotes Sustainability

Sustainable construction methods help in the efficient use of energy. With the increase in demand for renewable sources of energy, sustainable construction methods are also being used at a higher rate.

Challenges to Sustainable Construction

Although the benefits of sustainable construction are very much evident, the transition is not possible within a single day. It takes time and manpower to utilize the best practices. Rigorous training is needed to apply sustainable methods of construction. It also takes time and money. Another barrier is the principle cost of sustainable construction. The construction cost is generally higher than the demand, and the problem lies here.

Despite the several drawbacks, the construction owners are turning to a more sustainable form of construction in the U.K., especially when the impact of climate change became visible.

It is thus important to mention here that sustainability is important for a variety of reasons, including a better quality of life and also better environmental quality. According to Chan et al. (2017), in order to live a healthy life, clean air, a non-toxic environment, and a greener construction process are essential. It is continuously developing every single day. With the change in climate, sustainability becomes more and more important.

At present, the significant legislative and fiscal policies are prominent waste reduction procedures in the U.K. construction company, which is more or less directly related to the increasing landfill tax and the increasing cost of waste disposal methods. However, on the contrary, it can be said that the current legislative system has failed considerably to impose responsibilities on the professional to minimize the waste at the very onset of the project rather than reducing it at a much later stage.

Waste management and minimization can also be viewed as a threat due to the ever-increasing expenditure. It is thus very vital to change the culture as well.

Re-engineering of the current practices is also required to efficiently contribute to a cleaner environment by sustainable measures. However, the waste management process has to be very effective and self-sustaining as well. Also, a more positive approach is needed to deal with the waste and also to design out the waste. It is the responsibility of each human being to cater to the sustainable approach and to maintain a healthier and cleaner environment. The construction industries all over the U.K. should also adopt these measures of sustainable development through reuse, recycling, and building more greener buildings.

This paper discusses the issues of construction waste and challenges that have become a growing concern all over the U.K.; illegal dumping has also been a very vital problem in reducing construction waste. For the non-physical ones, the problems are related to time and cost. The paper also discusses how waste reduction measures can be mitigated and how to construct buildings in a sustainable approach.

Waste reduction is very much essential. It is all the more important to prevent the generation of waste than to divert the waste from the landfill areas. It is also very crucial to understand the severe impact of waste on the Environment that can subsequently add up to its destruction and degradation. Therefore the construction companies should lay emphasis on the prevention of waste at a very early stage than that of a much later stage.

Conclusion

The population in society is increasing over time, and as it is increasing, waste management is becoming a more important factor for the improvement of society. Increasing waste is affecting the lifestyle of people, especially those who live near the waste disposal area. It is the cause of various diseases that hamper the healthy lifestyle of the people such as skin disease; dust allergy and other diseases are causing danger to society. Hence it has become a necessary activity to manage the waste. The meaning of waste management refers to the process of recycling and managing disposal. This includes proper techniques that give ultimate enhancement in the social, natural, and economic activity in the country (Huang, 2018). Composting, recycling, and landfill are some useful techniques that can be used in the process of waste management in the construction business. Recycling is the process where the waste material can be reused, or the waste material can help in the production of a new product. For example, it can be said that a plastic bottle can be reused by recycling it. With the process of recycling, several plastic toys can be made with damaged plastic that becomes a waste. The landfill is another useful method in waste management. Here the waste materials are buried under the ground, and the mud helps to cover the waste material. Here the rubbish gets decomposed after several years, and it does not cause harm to the Environment. Composting is another process in waste management where the garbage is transformed into fertilizer, which is beneficial for agriculture (Ajayi, 2017). It is clear that the conversation of waste with the proper process can be beneficial for the Environment. The waste material can cause a bad odor, which is harmful to your health. This can cause several diseases to children. In order to improve the health of children, it is important to manage the waste. The waste management program helps to improve employment as it increases the opportunity in society. Waste management helps to enhance the productivity of energy resources. The risk factors are identified with human activity in the Environment as they break the government rule regarding waste management. Several construction projects illegally drop their waste material here and there when they don’t hold any license (Mhaske, 2017). Several developed countries have adopted several waste management tactics that are productive regarding the topic of waste management in the construction business.

Waste management is an important phenomenon for improving society socially, economically, and environmentally. Society is an important part which includes young and old people, including children. In order to provide a safe and healthy environment to live in, it is important to manage waste. It is known that waste management provides better conditions for water pollution, noise pollution, and air pollution. It minimizes the level of the temperature, which is beneficial for health. Health care waste management theory and Human Behavior Theory

Waste management gives a better understanding of waste management in the construction project (Mhaske, 2017).

Several building materials are found that can be harmful. Displaced materials are removed due to the construction, which is causing negative effects on the Environment. Waste management is helping to find recycling materials for a better environment and economy. Some harmful materials, such as bulbs and cans, are causing damage to nature. Here in this waste management program, it is helping to get better ways of disposal. Some complicacy is also found in waste management in the U.K., such as toxic waste and too much production of waste for better understanding and analyzing regarding the improvement (Bilal, 2016). Here C&D waste management is mostly examined from an economic perspective as it aims for the enhancement of the economy in the country. Economic performance, social performance, and environmental performance help in determining the factors that need to be improved for better waste management.

Recommendation

It is found that waste that is coming from the construction is the reason for water pollution, noise pollution, and air pollution. Here in order to minimize the pollution, the waste material such as rubbish, stones can be dumped into the damaged land instead of throwing it into the freshwater. In order to minimize air pollution, the dust of the waste material can be removed by the suction process with a high productive vacuum cleaner. In order to minimize noise pollution, the area of contraction can be covered with a temporary noise proof barrier (S.A.L.G.I.N., 2017). Here the health of the employees of constructing projects can be protected by using a proper uniform, which will protect them from dust and pollution. Using buds can protect them from working in a noisy environment. Every area must be provided with two dustbins. One for the plastic materials and another dustbin will be used for the other waste material. Here it will help in the process of recycling. The process of recycling can be improved by making new machines that can filter unhealthy materials from waste. Here recycling can also help in order to make new products that will enhance employment and will be enhanced, and the economy developed in the county (Younesi, 2017). In order to dump waste materials in the damaged land, it is important to find damaged land. Here some applications are helpful to find the area. Here the local people can notify regarding the location, and it will be beneficial for all the waste management practices.

The countries have several roles to play regarding waste management in the construction project. The government must spread awareness regarding the negative effects of the waste to the people so that people can practice waste management activity on a regular basis. It is important to make people understand the difference between dry waste and wet waste and their effects regarding the process of recycling. The citizen must understand their individual responsibility regarding the reuse of the waste material. They must throw their garbage here and there and protest against this activity in order to protect the Environment.

The municipality must play a big role in order to collect garbage from the locality on a regular basis. The municipality must divide the garbage on the basis of several categories and send them for recycling. They must arrange several campaigns to spread awareness regarding waste management. Here a PowerPoint presentation can help to understand the facts and several perspectives of the topic (Tang, 2019). An innovative waste management technique can change the system and enhance the social, environmental, and economic systems of the country. Making people understand the benefits of waste management for improving health is important. Regular monitoring of waste management can help in future improvement.

Management of the organization takes part in the monitoring of waste management. Here the Management of the organization will include several educated people who can give better ideas regarding the improvement of the Management for the betterment. Including the Management of the organization will help to give a proper judgment, but on the other hand, the performance of the Management of the organization will be judged by the government and the local people. It will help them to stay motivated throughout the process of waste management in the construction project (Kadafa, 2017). Here Management of the organization also helps to spread awareness to the people.

An application can help to take the opinion of people where people can comment regarding the improvement of the process. In this application, people can also claim for their problem that they are facing on a regular basis for the further improvement of waste management in the Environment. The application will be installed on the mobile phone. Here people can upload pictures as well in order to give proof regarding their statement. Here Management of the organization is helpful for the commutation between the people and government. Apart from that, people will also get news regarding waste management around the country. It will be helpful for monitoring the situation. Here people can analyze their own improvement in the practice of waste management.

The government can make several rules, which will include punishment. Here the law will stop the people from repeating the mistake regarding waste management. It is important to make rules for the suborn people who are not ready to follow the rules of waste management. Punishment can be a large amount of cash or cleaning waste material to the person itself, which will make them ashamed of certain activities.

In order to aware of the children and students, every educational institute such as school, college, and university must provide an assessment regarding the environmental impact of waste management (Pham Phu, 2018). Here the students will do research by themselves, and it will be self-realization regarding the impact of waste managing and their importance. The students play an important role in this process.

Free garbage bags can be provided for small waste disposal activities. Making a beautiful green environment can encourage people to protect the environment and make it cleaner. Apart from that, it will also encourage people to encourage others to keep the Environment clean.

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Evaluation of Waste Management in Construction Project in the U.K.

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