Chapter 1 Questions
Neuron slide show: To demonstrate the many unique shapes of neurons in the nervous system, view these images to supplement what you have seen in your textbook…
http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/gall1.html
After viewing, discuss the following two questions about neurons:
1
Question a. from slides: Is there a relationship between the morphology (shape) and function of a neuron?
Yes. There is a relationship between the morphology and function of a neuron. The shape of a neuron often directs the neuron’s function by establishing its synaptic partnerships.
Question b. from slides: Many neurons differ in appearance due to the number of dendrites they have. What would be the advantage to a neuron to have multiple dendrites?
The advantage of multiple dendrites is that the neuron becomes more suitable as an integrator. Generally, multiple dendrites mean more input from other neurons as it allows for more opportunities for input, meaning it is more likely to have the ‘intended response’ of that input. If the input is excitatory, then an action potential or “neuronal impulse” is more likely, whereas if the input is inhibitory, an action potential is less likely (meaning the neuron will stay at rest).
- The chapter describes how drugs exert effects on the brain, including how chemicals cross the blood-brain barrier. Discuss the functions of the blood-brain barrier and how you think it helps the brain.
The function of the blood-brain barrier is to protect against circulating toxins that can cause brains infections while at the same time, allowing vital nutrients to reach the brain. Another function of the blood-brain barrier is maintaining a relatively constant level of water, hormones, and nutrients in the brain. The fluctuations of water, nutrients, and hormones disrupt the finely tuned environment. The blood-brain barrier allows the blood vessels that vascularize the central nervous system to tightly regulate the movement of molecules, ions, and cells between the blood and the brain. The blood-brain barrier is a layer of specialized endothelial cells around the brain that protects the brain. The blood-brain barrier lets in only what is needed and keeps out what could be harmful to the brain. The most crucial role it plays to help the brain is that it maintains the right ionic balance within the brain and blocks substances that count interfere with the neural functions.
Chapter 2 Questions:
What determines if a neuron will generate an action potential? How could your diet influence your behavior?
An action potential takes place when a neuron sends information down an axon, away from the cell body. Studies show that foods and nutrients can therapeutically treat common health issues like insomnia, hyperactivity, depression and chronic pain. Specific foods and nutrients can cause specific changes in the chemical balance of the brain. Besides, a diet might be tailored to the task an individual want to perform. For instance, high-protein and low-carbohydrate mean are suitable for a complicated job that requires concentration and alertness.