Literature Review
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Literature Review
Social-economic implications
The societal and economic activities in any environment have been hit hard by the pandemic. The economy of different organizations and nations has been paralyzed and halted to an unknown timeframe. There is the fear of infection among other participants in the crisis that their role in their field of duty has been performed poorly as the intervention is yet to be discovered. Further research is still undertaken for an appropriate solution to be found.
In primary sectors, such as the agriculture sector, the number of employees who participate in the firm’s growth and expansion has been dramatically reduced to abide by social distance measures. This was enacted to reduce the spread of infection and immensely led to many individuals’ financial collapse. The number of inspectors and distribution staff available to ensure product verification and transport is likely to be impacted by self-isolation advice on contact with the virus’s alleged carriers. For perishable products such as vegetables and meat, this will have pronounced consequences. The demand for different commodities, such as petroleum and oil, has dramatically reduced due to less movement. This resulted in less production and increased prices of commodities (Nicola et al., 2020).
In some secondary sectors, such as the manufacturing industries, import challenges and staffing shortcomings were the most significant issues for companies due to supply chain instability and self-isolation regulation. “Working from home” is not a feasible possibility in a manufacturing field. This has significantly contributed to the delay in the growth in output and efficiency of some manufacturing activities. Age is a consideration used to separate certain employees of various firms. Most of the people who are having 60 years old and above are considered vulnerable to the infection. Therefore, the workers were experiencing compulsory leave, and their health status is more considered in their working environment. This reduction has immensely lowered the living standards as the economic status is unbearable for them.
In some tertiary levels, such as the educational intensities, to mitigate infections, a vast measure such as the learning institution’s fumigation and learning in shifts to reduce the number of students and observe the social distance measure. Complete closure of different institutions has been a major policy for some countries greatly hit by the pandemic (Nicola, 2020). The development and improvement of schools were crippled as the fund from student’s fee was not facilitated. With an additional advantage and the rise of others, continuity and access to education have increased in some more developed countries with greater technological innovations.
The real estate community is more considering the health status of the buyer than the buying ability. The protocol of social distancing precautions has decreased households at an individual level. Opinions are a central component of the sales process, and both buyers and sellers have their plans have to be reconsidered. Unpaid leave has significantly influenced the research community in undergraduate education by the management of households by the redundancy of most employees who are in such temporary positions, as all non-COVID research has been stopped by the national health research funding agency to allow highly trained staff who are normally on an academic system to return to the frontline. The dissemination of research, which enhances networking collaboration opportunities, has been less concerned as scientific conferences have been canceled as online conferences were prioritized.
Impacts of COVID-19 A research agenda to support people in their fight.
A job opportunity has been one of the sectors that have had a greater impact on employers and employees. Loss of jobs to abide by the regulations enacted to curb the viral spread has seriously lowered many people’s financial status. The search for new jobs has been the new routine of many, limited to few, and their qualification upgraded highly. Unemployment is on its verge has significantly led to mischievous activities to meet the required need (Venkatesh, 2020). The gap left in any field has critically affected the task’s satisfaction to be performed as low performance is experienced. In addition to work efficiency, shifts in employment can have cascading effects on various job outcomes, including job satisfaction, job tension, and organizational engagement. Different organizations were forced to encounter more and different responsibilities in their workplace.
The online platform has been a major success in securing more jobs for many who experienced unexpected leave. It is a choice not for many but for some less demanding physical jobs to work from home. As a result of valuing their workers, some organizations have agreed to engage in a shift program to increase the distribution of duties. Working from home might not be important to an organization, ensuring its success and development help its employees fulfill their mission.
Sustainability of life amid COVID has been difficult, and the lifestyle of people has changed. The prerequisites at home have changed substantially. It has given rise to a great deal of pressure on people and families. To many households, children are key and are experiencing difficult moments as the situation on the ground does not favor them, and are considered vulnerable to a lower age. The interaction with their peers and teachers is limited significantly. Friends and relatives are an important part of the support structure for individuals and communities. COVID has affected how assistance is provided. Underprivileged and minorities are affected most, indicating that COVID has harshly impacted people (Venkatesh, 2020).
Gender differences are among the factors that COVID really compromised. Its pronouncement is greater to women than men. Some of the jobs are considered for men than women, and also, when it comes to promotion, more reputation tends to happen, which might result in employer-employee and work-family conflict. A failure to effectively consider and help women could escalate the workforce gap for years to come.
A fair consideration to major and minorities in any organization is key, as there will be much support. The flow of work is well-enhanced amid awareness of technology’s role, from the workplace to social conferences. Social networking applications to subscription platforms for video sports has highly been reputable. A fair working ground is a better and more efficient way of having a conducive working environment. The company’s development and expansion can be witnessed in a limited period of time due to productivity in the workflow due to unintended workplace disturbance (Venkatesh, 2020).
As a consequence of COVID, there are many deficiencies. The data collection methods are more difficult as an intruder is not allowed in some regions to avoid the risk of infection and its spread. Having face time for an interview with somebody is now an entirely distinct intention. Restructuration in different organizations to amend and enforce a better way of enhancing data collection is of need as the situation seems to prolong to some unknown timeframe.
Hospitality, tourism, human rights and the impact of COVID-19
COVID-19 has immensely had more of a negative impact than positive. The threat to the economic sector is high. The right to fly and value hospitality services and tourism operators have are limited distinctively. The minimization of movement limits the sector’s full exploration (Baum & Clark, 2020). In some countries, the government has accessed different agencies to offer them an emergency power to facilitate assistance to fight and control the infections allowing them to partake in their activities.
The curtailment of some citizens to be tourists has largely affected the local and international levels. Mobility across nations has greatly been limited and restricted. Foreign exchange has extremely been reduced to the international level as few, and no foreigner is experienced. It cannot be compared upon the current situation with the previous situation in which there was a high influx, and the economy was well boosted. Many nations such as New Zealand, China, and Australia have closed their border, and the immigration organization is crippled. This prevents the non-residents and non-nationals from getting into the country, and it curbs the spread of the infection.
Most of the sites which attract tourists and different facilities have been closed to an unknown timeframe. Sporting fixtures have, and the museum closed to reduce interaction among people from different nations. National parks have been prohibited, and the cultural activities in those regions diminished. Some of the national legislation fights for the right of tourists. Tourist protection is of major concern to avoid a bad reputation when normalcy is achieved (Baum et al.,2020).
Some of the localities were prohibited immediately to rescue and have some measure early enough. Some countries, such as Australia, ordered their people abroad to return home as soon as possible, responding to global uncertainty. Some nations offered rescue flights to some stranded citizens, expressing their right to be protected by the states. Hospitality businesses had a reason for their closure as certain government actions did not favor the growth or continuity. Lockdown is one of the factors which greatly contributed to the closure. The virus can spread so fast, and its treatment is unknown less there would be various ways in which nations demonstrate the right to movement of their citizens. The movements of friends and family to visit each other is disrupted on the onset of COVID-19. Other countries complied with this measure, and this normalcy came to an abrupt end.
Some countries highly criticized minorities, and the citizens of that country abused some. Chinese citizens in some countries were most affected as discrimination was highly practiced on them against in the society around as it was perceived that the virus came from their homeland, so the chances that they have the same virus are high; therefore, they had to boycott their businesses and declined the contracts they were offering. This abuse is experienced in many different countries, and it’s emerging as a result of fear of the disease and affecting the tourism industry. As a consequence of the international tourism industry’s failure, many of these workers are actually denied their right to work. Self-employment has been key as the majority have preferred coming up with their own way of having an income. Though sustainability is not that worth, workers’ right is limited, and social protection is enhanced (Baum et al.,2020).
COVID_19 and Management Education Reflections on Challenges, Opportunities, and Potential Futures
Continuity of learning in different institution have been paralyzed by the fear of the spread of the infection. As a result of strict measures, such as mandatory quarantine and mass gathering restriction, all are challenges to higher education. Some of the cohorts who partake in a diversified course are experiencing difficulties accessing their learning area amid the pandemic; therefore, exploring ideas among individuals has been sabotaged. Due to the pandemic’s unknown timeframe, learners’ knowledge may be explored or even applied to society. Still, this knowledge can also be of no use to some ignorant and careless learners. Long-term closure of institutions will affect the instructors in some private institutions. They will lose their job and experience some tough moments when finding new jobs and adapting to a new environment. Amid the return to school, most learners will time to remind themselves what they had learned before. Therefore, the educational sector would be dragged back as its efficiency will be slowly attained (Brammer & Clark, 2020)
The financial sustainability in most institutions has been impaired, and the administration of students halted. The most affected stakeholder are the students as they cannot access the intended education that they had anticipated at a certain time. The impact of COVID-19 becomes a major concern to students and their graduation and progression to take some later responses. Accessibility of some services to students becomes difficult, such as internships and co-curricular activities, as restriction measures are held significant to curb the spread of infections.
Most of the staff who perform different responsibilities in a specific institution have been expressively affected. Immediate apprehension and transformation have taken place. Various technological installations have been put in place to counter and reduce the interaction experienced before the coronavirus outbreak. Therefore, more jobs have been lost and replaced by machines as learning from software will be established to the more developed institution diminishing some staff’s professionalism (Brammer et al., 2020)
Business school is one of the most affected areas, and many of the partners have switched to their primary business operations. They get significant support from their business partners, some stakeholder, and alumni. Some of the research done by them are beneficial and help them navigate well through their businesses. The government also has taken part in offering support to different universities. It has preferred to expand various restricted lines of credit, providing the widespread job insurance schemes seen in the broader economy, and signaling unique funds to regional economic recovery.
The staff’s adaptability to new circumstances has been of positive impact in the different fields, which has helped them perform their work effectively. The strain on schools has been of significant concern, and different measures have been put in place to have its sustainability; the use of zoom and teams. Several innovations have been made in different institutions to manage the programs and courses. The disciplinary differences have contributed highly to a different decision to address the imbalance that would have been experienced. The resilience and appropriate response were acquired and created a platform that was able to sustain different institutions. The technological advancement is of great impact because it eased and provided a better option that was well-natured and accepted by many who complied and supported any institution’s progress.
Universities and research in times of crisis
All non-COVID researches in progress in the different institutions have been forced to abruptly offer some required concentration to the new and emerging disease that is becoming unbearable to many. Different strategies have been put in place to allow the performance of different roles and conditions as the university is forced to act as per the demand of the crisis (Ling, 2020). Some institutions suffer a lack of sufficient and appropriate reagent to perform certain trials of great help. The anticipated trial is done by the available resource provided by the government and the institution.
A cutting-edge, creative, and innovative approach is required to this crisis as the normalcy of how other researches have been done has been altered due to the unknown situation. Universities are expected to bring to bear theoretical understandings, practical knowledge, strategic thinking, risk-taking, imagination, and intelligence to take the lead in crisis times and take action that openly displays and perfectly illustrates these qualities. Researchers are using the knowledge and skills they have to manipulate in their findings. Some academic experts use a range of disciples to build something modern that will battle the Virus Unknown.
Conclusion
The diversification of a dilemma has been mastered on how the new infection will be managed and controlled is of great concern. Research expertise has a difficult time to obtain data, analyze, and come up with an appropriate solution that will be implemented for different nations. An alternative and an intervention over this condition will be of great help. The new normalcy adaptability has some adverse effects on the economy ranging from the tourism industry to school stakeholders. A negative and more severe impact is expected soon if the condition is not well managed, and more citizens in different countries will suffer most. Treatment and containment of the disease is a solution that is highly recommended and will be a policy to many nations. Enactment of favorable policy that is not biased will be of great help, and different organizations will flourish, and the intended profit margin anticipated will be achieved.
References
Baum, T., & Hai, N. T. T. (2020). Hospitality, tourism, human rights, and the impact of COVID-19. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(7), 2397–2407.
Brammer, S., & Clark, T. (2020). COVID‐19 and Management Education: Reflections on Challenges, Opportunities, and Potential Futures. British Journal of Management, 31(3), 453.
Ling, L. (2020). Universities and research in times of crisis: the getting of wisdom. Qualitative Research Journal.
Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., … Agha, R. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. International journal of surgery (London, England), 78, 185.
Venkatesh, V. (2020). Impacts of COVID-19: A research agenda to support people in their fight. International Journal of Information Management, 102197.