Title: TN Auxiliary
Date:
Student no.
Name:
Experimental Objectives:
The objective of the experiment was the determination of TN Auxiliary.
Experimental Theory:
Auxiliary water supply can be described as supplying water on or just available based on the premised apart from the city’s approved public water system. Auxiliary water is such as industrial fluid or used water. Simply it is any water that is used apart from the supplying of public water. The water from auxiliary sources like rainwater gathered from all the downspouts, especially collecting from shower or laundry, reused and treated purposely for maybe non-drinking or drinking in the house. Moreover, the total Nitrogen in auxiliary water usually varies based on the source, season, and where it is coming from. The nitrate content in drinking water can be minimized as long as nitrogen content is determined. Apart from the known methods used to determine total Nitrogen present in auxiliary water, others can be applied in the labs. Applying the techniques can be used to do the auxiliary water analysis for the content of total Nitrogen. Ion chromatography without using a suppressor system can be employed in the analysis of auxiliary water.
Additionally, high temperatures can be used to determine the total Nitrogen present in the sample under investigation. Ion chromatography is among the standard method to determine organic and inorganic Nitrogen. Kjeldahl has been used for quite a long period as a digestion technique converting organic Nitrogen to ammonia. It is a method that consumes a lot of time as well as its accuracy varies due to the effect of unreliable results resulting in interferences. Ion chromatography was used in this experiment to determine nitrate content. Also, a method that determined total nitrogen determination was developed in the experiment. The results obtained from the experiment were subjected to the Kjeldahl method for confirmation.
Reagent and Experimental apparatus:
- Ion chromatography apparatus
- Kjeldahl apparatus
- boric acid
- water sample
- sulphuric acid
- NaOH
- Deionized water
- sodium hydroxide
- potassium peroxodisulphate
- Nitrite, 1000 mg/L (Fisher Scientific
P/N AS-NO29-27)
- Nitrate, 1000 mg/L (Fisher Scientific
P/N AS-NO3N9-2y)
Experimental Methods
Water has to be collected from a source that contains auxiliary water. The sample was thus treated by us of an oxidizing agent for purposes of transferring all the inorganic and organic compounds to the nitrate. The procedure used in total nitrogen Auxiliary was similar to the procedure in determining total Nitrogen in wastewater. There were three steps involved. Indigestion, there is the breaking of organic bonds resulting conversion of Nitrogen to ammonium. Next, a digestion mixture was added. The reason was to increase the temperature of digestion. The idea of digestion temperature was set to be 370 degrees. Titration was the last step whereby; potentiometric titration was considered. During titration, the condensate was titrated together with a sulphuric acid standard solution up to the endpoint of pH of around 4.65. After titration, the sample was then subjected to the ion chromatography for further analysis. The ion chromatography used generated a spectrum that was used to tell the nitrogen contents present in the peak after its analysis.
Results
The percentage of Nitrogen was calculated using the
(Consumption -Blank) multiplying by 1.4007 x n x 100}/ the sample size that was used.
1.4007 represents a volumetric solution
N = Normality of Acid
Chromatograph peak from auxiliary water
Total Nitrogen varied between 2mg/L to 6mg/L.
Discussion:
It should be known that auxiliary water also contains the three forms of Nitrogen and can be measured from its sources like rainwater. Nitrites, ammonia, and nitrates are the main components of Nitrogen that can be found in auxiliary water sources. While collecting and performing any analysis on auxiliary water, it is suitable for people to check the federal standards, state, and tribal for adequate data comparison. Therefore, if the level is zero percent, the condition is natural., If it is 0.1 to 10 percent, it has color green showing that water is in good condition. Also, between 10.1 to 50 percent, the condition state is yellow, indicating a fair situation. With more than 50 percent, the condition is termed as a cautionary as there is a red color. Studies for digestion time were done to determine the optimum time for the pressure vessel that was used.
It should be known that 0.5ppm Nitrogen is present in seawater. The amount as bee determined as being low at the surface closely to 0.1 ppm. Ion chromatography is a new method for the determination of total nitrogen content, especially from auxiliary water. Samples only run based on an ion like in the case of EPA method. Using the undigested and digested samples, the total Nitrogen can be determined from calculations. Nitrate and nitrite are considered as undigested samples. Comparing the total Nitrogen obtained using ion chromatography was more than the Kjeldahl method. The results showed that there is a high increase in further inorganic nitrogen sources from the sample used. While quantifying the organic nitrogen amount contained in the sample, there was a measurement of ammonia content apart from being subtracted from the total Nitrogen obtained from the Kjeldahl method. The experimental objectives were fully achieved.
References
HQ, Canada. “Auxiliary Water Sources: How To Supplement The Water Supply In Your Home.” Globenewswire News Room, 2020, https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2013/10/17/1428588/0/en/Auxiliary-Water-Sources-How-to-Supplement-the-Water-Supply-in-Your-Home.html.
Liu, Wu Jun, Fan Xin Zeng, and Hong Jiang. “Determination of Total Nitrogen in Solid Samples by Two-Step Digestion–Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry Method.” Communications in soil science and plant analysis 44.6 (2013): 1080-1091.
Ku, Wang. “Application of regression kriging on the spatial prediction of total soil nitrogen.” Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull 20 (2013): 029.