Phosphoinositide 3
Introduction
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) gene is an intracellular gene of the lipid kinase family that plays a critical regulatory role in the metabolism, growth, death, proliferation, and cell migration. Studies have shown its significant role in immune responses in various inflammatory and malignancy diseases targeting B cells. Even though this gene’s protein kinase structural makeup is well established, there still lacks profound information on the lipid kinases structure and how signaling switches between those two sides. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) gene activity is dependent on a variety of oncogenes and growth factors and their receptors. The increase of this gene’s signaling activity pathway has been a hallmark of numerous pathologies, most significantly cancers. Equally, the PI3K pathways have been targeted for advancement in therapy development tested through clinical trials resulting in the approval of numerous drugs for use. Besides the significance of this gene in the pathology of diseases, research has also shown exciting yet unexpected roles of the PI3K gene as the regulatory and catalytic activity of cells in normal and disease states. Here the paper explores the general information known about the gene structure, the gene’s functions and regulations, and, more importantly, the role of this gene in various pathologies and therapeutic advancements being made targeting the PI3K gene.